Getting ‘What Works’ working: building blocks for the integration of experimental and improvement science     

Amelia Peterson 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2016,39(3):299-313

ABSTRACT

As a systemic approach to improving educational practice through research, ‘What Works’ has come under repeated challenge from alternative approaches, most recently that of improvement science. While ‘What Works’ remains a dominant paradigm for centralized knowledge-building efforts, there is need to understand why this alternative has gained support, and what it can contribute. I set out how the core elements of experimental and improvement science can be combined into a strategy to raise educational achievement with the support of evidence from randomized experiments. Central to this combined effort is a focus on identifying and testing mechanisms for improving teaching and learning, as applications of principles from the learning sciences. This article builds on current efforts to strengthen approaches to evidence-based practice and policy in a range of international contexts. It provides a foundation for those who aim to avoid another paradigm war and to accelerate international discussions on the design of systemic education research infrastructure and funding.  相似文献   

Children's concepts of gears and their promotion through play     

Timo Reuter  Miriam Leuchter 《科学教学研究杂志》2021,58(1):69-94

The mechanical transmission of motion, which is observable in gears’ turning direction (TD) and turning speed (TS) can be understood as part of the core concept “force and motion”. Previous studies have suggested that most children before the age of nine have naïve concepts of gears’ TD and TS. However, these studies relied on children's explanation data and might have therefore underestimated young children's potential. Moreover, these studies did not examine whether preschoolers can overcome their naïve concepts through teaching. Recently, educators have proposed guided play as an educational approach that combines children's play with teacher guidance in a purposefully designed environment. We conducted two subsequent studies. In Study 1, we investigated the children's (naïve) concepts of gears’ TD and TS with a cross‐sectional approach using a nonverbal test procedure. This study comprised 248 children aged 5–10 years and 73 adults. The results showed that the proportion of children with adequate concepts increased with age. More specifically, 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds differed significantly from 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds, indicating a developmental shift around this age. However, naïve concepts of TS were more persistent with age than naïve concepts of TD. Altogether, the results indicated the potential to foster 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds’ concepts of both TD and TS in an intervention. Thus, in Study 2, we developed and tested a guided play intervention to foster 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children's concepts of TD and TS. We conducted a prepost‐intervention design with a guided play group (n = 19) and a free play group (n = 21). The results suggested stronger learning gains in the guided play group (d_TD = 0.337, d_TS = 0.758) than in the free play group (d_TD = 0.224, d_TS = 0.158).  相似文献   

Knowledge hustlers: Gendered micro-politics and networking in UK universities     

Emily Yarrow 《British Educational Research Journal》2021,47(3):579-598

This article explores the role of gendered academic networks in the context of research evaluation, and women’s lived experiences of UK universities. Gendered power is conceptualised as an important aspect of inequality regimes, providing insight into how men maintain power and how power dynamics and informal networks function, characterised in this article as ‘the hustle’. A case study comprising 80 in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews was completed in a UK university. Acker’s theory of inequality regimes informed the central analytical framework, and Bradley’s resource-based theory of power was used to explore the power dynamics in the case study. The findings have resulted in the creation of a conceptual framework which theorises the hybridised nature of inequality, gendered power and organisational lived experience, in which inequality regimes and gendered power interact and are mutually reinforced through informal processes. This article argues, from the findings of the empirical research, that in the context of the neoliberal university, inequality regimes and gendered power interact, and are mutually reinforced through informal processes and networks—‘the hustle’.  相似文献   

小学语文教学中的情感教育及其实施策略     

尤慧冷 《天津教育》2021,(1):152-153

小学语文是基础学科,语文的学习是为以后其他学科的学习奠定基础,如今的教育不能再是简单的“传道授业解惑”,要运用多种多样的教学方法,培养学生的学习情感,引导学生爱上学习,并建立良好的师生关系,从而提高教学质量,本文针对小学语文教学中的情感教育及其实施策略提出了建议。  相似文献   

A tale of two tests: The role of topic and general academic knowledge in traditional versus contemporary scenario-based reading     

《Learning and Instruction》2021

We compared high school students’ performance in a traditional comprehension assessment requiring them to identify key information and draw inferences from single texts, and a scenario-based assessment (SBA) requiring them to integrate, evaluate and apply information across multiple sources. Both assessments focused on a non-academic topic. Performance on the two assessments were moderately correlated (r = 0.57), but the SBA was more difficult (Study 1; n = 342). The two assessments similarly depended on basic reading skills but diverged in the relation to academic knowledge and (non-academic) topic knowledge (Study 2; n = 1107). Academic knowledge was highly predictive of traditional comprehension, but less so for SBA. Topic knowledge was more predictive of SBA than traditional comprehension. Thus, the two assessments tap into similar constructs related to comprehension; however, the level of topic knowledge is more important for performance on scenario-based, multiple-source reading tasks, whereas academic knowledge is more important for traditional reading comprehension tasks.  相似文献   

论“用以致学”:指向素养发展的教学认识论     

张良  罗生全 《华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2021,(2):40-49

探究素养发展的教学认识论,旨在澄明知识与素养的关系及其转化的认识论原理与教学机制。素养作为道德性运用知识解决复杂问题的能力,这一学习结果基于知识并超越知识,诉求于学习者能够在复杂情境中开展道德性的知识迁移与运用。可见,实践性是素养的本质特征,内蕴知与行、理智与德性统一的认识论意义。这一本质特征诉求于教学认识论应处理好“学”与“用”的一体化关系。传统教学认识论虽然一贯倡导“学以致用”,但由于理性主义知识观的钳制,在处理知与行、“学”与“用”的关系问题上深陷先后论、工具论、机械论等二元论困境。二元论的症结不仅割裂了“学”与“用”内在的一体性,而且难以确保学习者所获学习结果的实践性。“用以致学”通过调整“学”与“用”的位次关系,旨在重估行动、实践的认识论意义,进而更好地促进“学以致用”。“用以致学”作为实践取向的教学认识论不仅勾勒出化知识为素养的教学机理,同时还体现了现代认识论研究实践转向的趋势、学习科学的最新进展以及中国文化内蕴的力行认识论传统等依据。  相似文献   

新工科背景下机器人知识体系与课程内容研究     

范良志  江珂  朱海平  张超勇 《高等工程教育研究》2021,(2):32-38

该研究分别从历史发展、知识构成与社会效应的不同视角,概述了机器人技术与理论的发展脉络,采用文献分析方法考察当前不同院校的机器人专业培养方案与机器人课程教材知识体系和内容构成,在新工科建设持续深入推进的背景下,提出新的机器人应用领域基本特征,探讨机器人课程新的内涵和知识边界,最后为不同类型的高校提出了相应的机器人课程知识体系和内容建设策略。  相似文献   

高校大型仪器设备开放共享的探索与实践     

王文君  胡美琴  付庆玖  刘淑云  刘洪颜 《实验技术与管理》2021,(1):231-234,238

大型仪器设备开放共享是促进创新型人才培养、支撑高水平科学研究和服务国家战略需求的重要举措。该文基于山东大学大型仪器设备开放共享的管理实践,在对大型仪器设备基本现状分析的基础上,从理论和实践层面进行总结分析,提出了"四个坚持"的开放共享思路和"一统四分三构建"的开放共享路径,以推进大型仪器设备开放共享水平和效能的提升,为进一步探索开放共享新理念、新思路、新举措提供参考。  相似文献   

批判性思维视角下科学知识与人文知识的融合及其教学启示     

夏青 《教育科学》2021,37(1):61-68

科学知识和人文知识的分化逐渐加深了两类知识之间的隔阂与对立。将批判性思维引入两类知识的探讨旨在以批判性思维作为弥合两类知识分裂之突破口。科学知识中的批判性思维重在对客观真理的追寻,具体指向对逻辑思维不足、神学和迷信的批判。人文知识中的批判性思维重在对精神世界的观照,具体指向对技术主义弊端和绝对客观主义的批判。尽管科学知识和人文知识中批判性思维的特点不尽相同,但批判性思维强调科学知识和人文知识的自我反思,这为批判性思维促进两类知识的融合提供了可能性。从起点、过程、目的三个层面建构批判性思维促进科学知识和人文知识融合的路径,并在此基础上进一步提出构建"科学—人文"知识教学联合体以达成批判性思维视角下知识融合的教学。  相似文献   

美国在地化教学改革及其启示     

刘雨田  陈时见 《外国教育研究》2021,(2)

在地化教学是一种开发课程和实施教学的方法。这种方法要求充分利用当地的人文环境和自然环境,从当地选取素材编制教学活动,旨在帮助当地学生更好地达到统一规定的教育要求,同时增进他们对当地社会、文化和生态环境等方面的了解,加强他们对当地的情感联结和责任担当。在地化教学在美国兴起主要是受到环境保护运动、反标准化教育改革以及农村教育改革的影响与推动,近年来快速发展,现已形成了学科融合型和学科渗透型两个基本类型。在实践中,在地化教学要求师生转变角色关系,鼓励学生主动参与,号召学校领导营造扎根当地的教学文化,拓展教学的资源空间。在地化教学不仅对美国农村地区和原住民地区教育的改革发展产生了积极影响,而且对我国农村地区和民族地区的教育质量提升、地方课程和校本课程建设具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献